Which Part of India Has the Most Buddhists?

 

Which Part of India Has the Most Buddhists?

India is the birthplace of Buddhism—a land where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment and became the Buddha. Over centuries, Buddhism spread across Asia, but its roots remain deep in the Indian subcontinent. Today, while India is predominantly Hindu, millions still follow Buddhism. So, which part of India has the most Buddhists? Let’s explore.

Maharashtra – The State with the Largest Buddhist Population

When we look at the numbers, Maharashtra stands out as the state with the highest number of Buddhists in India. According to the Census of India 2011, nearly 6.5 million Buddhists live in Maharashtra, making up more than 77% of the total Buddhist population in the country.

But why Maharashtra?

1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Influence

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, the architect of the Indian Constitution and a social reformer, played a key role in reviving Buddhism in India. In 1956, he and over half a million followers embraced Buddhism in Nagpur, Maharashtra. This event sparked a mass conversion movement among Dalits (formerly untouchables), who found dignity and equality in Buddhist teachings.

2. Strong Buddhist Communities

Cities like Nagpur, Mumbai, Aurangabad, and Pune have large and active Buddhist communities. These cities host Buddhist viharas (monasteries), educational institutions, and cultural events that keep the teachings of Buddha alive and relevant.

Other Indian States with Significant Buddhist Populations

While Maharashtra leads in numbers, other regions have deep historical and cultural ties with Buddhism.

1. Arunachal Pradesh

Located in Northeast India, Arunachal Pradesh has a strong Buddhist presence, especially among the Monpa, Sherdukpen, and Memba tribes. The town of Tawang is home to the Tawang Monastery, the largest Buddhist monastery in India and the second largest in the world.

2. Sikkim

This peaceful Himalayan state follows Mahayana Buddhism, especially the Nyingma and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Rumtek Monastery, a major center of Buddhism, draws pilgrims and tourists alike.

3. Ladakh (Union Territory of Ladakh)

Often referred to as "Little Tibet," Ladakh has a high concentration of Tibetan Buddhists. Monasteries like Hemis, Thiksey, and Diskit are not only religious centers but also architectural marvels.

4. Himachal Pradesh

The hill town of Dharamshala is home to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile. McLeod Ganj has become a global hub for Buddhist learning and meditation.

5. West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh

These states have notable Buddhist sites, including Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh), where Buddha gave his first sermon, and Kolkata (West Bengal), which has a small but active Buddhist community.

Map of Buddhism in India – Cultural vs. Population Spread

While Maharashtra has the largest population of Buddhists, the cultural heartland of Buddhism includes historical sites spread across Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. Key pilgrimage sites include:

  • Bodh Gaya (Bihar) – where Buddha attained enlightenment

  • Sarnath (U.P.) – where he gave his first sermon

  • Kushinagar (U.P.) – where he attained Mahaparinirvana

These places attract millions of pilgrims and tourists every year.

Final Thoughts

To answer the question:
👉 Maharashtra is the part of India with the most Buddhists by population, primarily due to the Ambedkarite movement.
👉 But when it comes to Buddhist culture, heritage, and historical landmarks, states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh also play a significant role.

Whether you're a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or just a curious traveler, exploring the Buddhist trail in India is an unforgettable journey through peace, wisdom, and centuries-old heritage.

FAQs

Q: Is Buddhism growing in India?
A: Yes, especially in states like Maharashtra due to social movements and increasing interest in meditation and mindfulness practices.

Q: Where can I learn Buddhism in India?
A: You can study at institutions in Dharamshala, Bodh Gaya, Nalanda, Pune, and Nagpur. Many monasteries also offer courses for international students.

Q: Can tourists visit Buddhist monasteries in India?
A: Absolutely! Most monasteries welcome visitors. Just remember to respect local customs and dress modestly.

Buddhist Travel Blog

Location: Maharashtra, India

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